Basic Chemistry Questions and Answers: Introduction
Chemistry is a fascinating subject that forms the foundation for understanding the world around us. For students in Class 9 and 10 (SSC, CBSE, and ICSE boards), mastering basic chemistry concepts is crucial for excelling in exams and building a strong base for higher studies. This article provides a comprehensive list of 100 one-liner Basic Chemistry Questions and Answers designed to help students revise key topics like matter, atoms, molecules, chemical reactions, and more. These questions are concise, exam-focused, and aligned with the latest syllabi, ensuring effective preparation.
Basic Chemistry Questions and Answers
- What is matter?
Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. - What are the three states of matter?
Solid, liquid, and gas. - What is an atom?
An atom is the smallest unit of an element that retains its chemical properties. - What is a molecule?
A molecule is a group of atoms bonded together, forming the smallest unit of a compound. - What is an element?
An element is a pure substance made of one type of atom. - What is a compound?
A compound is a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements. - What is the atomic number?
The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom’s nucleus. - What is the mass number?
The mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus. - What is a proton?
A proton is a positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom. - What is a neutron?
A neutron is a neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom. - What is an electron?
An electron is a negatively charged particle orbiting the nucleus of an atom. - What is the nucleus of an atom?
The nucleus is the dense, central part of an atom containing protons and neutrons. - What is a chemical reaction?
A chemical reaction is a process where substances (reactants) transform into new substances (products). - What is a physical change?
A physical change alters the form of a substance without changing its chemical composition. - What is a chemical change?
A chemical change results in the formation of new substances with different properties. - What is the law of conservation of mass?
The law states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. - What is a mixture?
A mixture is a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded. - What is a homogeneous mixture?
A homogeneous mixture has a uniform composition throughout, like saltwater. - What is a heterogeneous mixture?
A heterogeneous mixture has a non-uniform composition, like sand and water. - What is a solution?
A solution is a homogeneous mixture of a solute dissolved in a solvent. - What is a solute?
A solute is the substance that dissolves in a solvent to form a solution. - What is a solvent?
A solvent is the substance that dissolves a solute to form a solution. - What is distillation?
Distillation is a process to separate liquids based on differences in their boiling points. - What is filtration?
Filtration is a method to separate solids from liquids using a filter. - What is evaporation?
Evaporation is the process of a liquid turning into a gas at its surface. - What is sublimation?
Sublimation is the direct transition of a substance from solid to gas without becoming liquid. - What is the boiling point?
The boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas. - What is the melting point?
The melting point is the temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid. - What is the freezing point?
The freezing point is the temperature at which a liquid turns into a solid. - What is a pure substance?
A pure substance has a fixed composition and definite properties, like water or oxygen. - What is an isotope?
Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. - What is a valence electron?
A valence electron is an electron in the outermost shell of an atom. - What is a chemical bond?
A chemical bond is a force that holds atoms together in a molecule or compound. - What is an ionic bond?
An ionic bond is a bond formed by the transfer of electrons between atoms. - What is a covalent bond?
A covalent bond is a bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms. - What is a metallic bond?
A metallic bond is a bond between metal atoms, involving delocalized electrons. - What is an acid?
An acid is a substance that donates protons or releases H⁺ ions in a solution. - What is a base?
A base is a substance that accepts protons or releases OH⁻ ions in a solution. - What is a pH scale?
The pH scale measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, ranging from 0 to 14. - What is a neutral solution?
A neutral solution has a pH of 7, neither acidic nor basic. - What is a catalyst?
A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed. - What is an exothermic reaction?
An exothermic reaction releases heat energy to the surroundings. - What is an endothermic reaction?
An endothermic reaction absorbs heat energy from the surroundings. - What is a balanced chemical equation?
A balanced chemical equation has an equal number of atoms for each element on both sides. - What is the periodic table?
The periodic table is a chart organizing elements by atomic number and properties. - What is a metal?
A metal is an element that is shiny, conducts heat and electricity, and is malleable. - What is a non-metal?
A non-metal is an element that is dull, poor conductor, and brittle. - What is a metalloid?
A metalloid is an element with properties between metals and non-metals. - What is a noble gas?
A noble gas is an element in Group 18 of the periodic table, chemically inert. - What is a mole?
A mole is a unit measuring the amount of substance, containing 6.022 × 10²³ particles. - What is Avogadro’s number?
Avogadro’s number is 6.022 × 10²³, the number of particles in one mole. - What is molar mass?
Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, measured in grams per mole. - What is a chemical formula?
A chemical formula shows the types and numbers of atoms in a compound. - What is an empirical formula?
An empirical formula shows the simplest ratio of atoms in a compound. - What is a molecular formula?
A molecular formula shows the actual number of atoms in a molecule. - What is a suspension?
A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture where particles settle over time. - What is a colloid?
A colloid is a mixture where particles are dispersed but do not settle, like milk. - What is the Tyndall effect?
The Tyndall effect is the scattering of light by particles in a colloid or suspension. - What is an alloy?
An alloy is a mixture of two or more metals, like brass or steel. - What is corrosion?
Corrosion is the gradual destruction of metals by chemical reactions, like rusting. - What is rust?
Rust is iron oxide formed when iron reacts with oxygen and moisture. - What is a redox reaction?
A redox reaction involves both reduction and oxidation processes. - What is oxidation?
Oxidation is the loss of electrons or gain of oxygen in a reaction. - What is reduction?
Reduction is the gain of electrons or loss of oxygen in a reaction. - What is a precipitate?
A precipitate is an insoluble solid formed during a chemical reaction. - What is electrolysis?
Electrolysis is the process of using electricity to drive a chemical reaction. - What is an electrolyte?
An electrolyte is a substance that conducts electricity when dissolved in water. - What is a non-electrolyte?
A non-electrolyte is a substance that does not conduct electricity in solution. - What is a hydrocarbon?
A hydrocarbon is a compound made of only carbon and hydrogen atoms. - What is an alkane?
An alkane is a hydrocarbon with single bonds between carbon atoms. - What is an alkene?
An alkene is a hydrocarbon with at least one double bond between carbon atoms. - What is an alkyne?
An alkyne is a hydrocarbon with at least one triple bond between carbon atoms. - What is combustion?
Combustion is a chemical reaction where a substance reacts rapidly with oxygen, producing heat and light. - What is a greenhouse gas?
A greenhouse gas traps heat in the Earth’s atmosphere, like carbon dioxide. - What is the law of definite proportions?
The law states that a compound always contains the same elements in fixed proportions. - What is Dalton’s atomic theory?
Dalton’s theory states that matter is made of indivisible atoms, and atoms of the same element are identical. - What is a cation?
A cation is a positively charged ion formed by losing electrons. - What is an anion?
An anion is a negatively charged ion formed by gaining electrons. - What is a radical?
A radical is a group of atoms that behaves as a single unit in a chemical reaction. - What is valency?
Valency is the combining capacity of an element, determined by its electrons. - What is a molecular mass?
Molecular mass is the sum of the atomic masses of all atoms in a molecule. - What is an ion?
An ion is an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to gain or loss of electrons. - What is a salt?
A salt is a compound formed by the neutralization of an acid and a base. - What is a neutralization reaction?
A neutralization reaction is a reaction between an acid and a base to form salt and water. - What is a polymer?
A polymer is a large molecule made of repeating smaller units called monomers. - What is a monomer?
A monomer is a small molecule that can join to form a polymer. - What is Boyle’s law?
Boyle’s law states that the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure at constant temperature. - What is Charles’ law?
Charles’ law states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature at constant pressure. - What is Gay-Lussac’s law?
Gay-Lussac’s law states that the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature at constant volume. - What is diffusion?
Diffusion is the movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration. - What is osmosis?
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to higher. - What is a semi-permeable membrane?
A semi-permeable membrane allows certain molecules, like water, to pass through but blocks others. - What is a saturated solution?
A saturated solution contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature. - What is an unsaturated solution?
An unsaturated solution can dissolve more solute at a given temperature. - What is a supersaturated solution?
A supersaturated solution contains more solute than it can normally hold at a given temperature. - What is an indicator?
An indicator is a substance that changes color to show the pH of a solution, like litmus. - What is litmus paper?
Litmus paper is a pH indicator that turns red in acidic solutions and blue in basic solutions. - What is a universal indicator?
A universal indicator shows a range of colors to indicate the pH of a solution. - What is the reactivity series?
The reactivity series is a list of metals arranged in order of decreasing reactivity. - What is displacement reaction?
A displacement reaction is a reaction where a more reactive element displaces a less reactive element from its compound.
This collection of Basic Chemistry Questions and Answers is a valuable resource for Class 9 and 10 students preparing for SSC, CBSE, and ICSE exams. By practicing these concise and syllabus-aligned questions, students can strengthen their understanding of fundamental chemistry concepts, improve problem-solving skills, and gain confidence for their exams. Regular revision with these questions will ensure a solid foundation for future studies in science.
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