Introduction
Cell Biology is the cornerstone of understanding life at its most fundamental level, exploring the structure, function, and interactions of cells—the basic units of life. For students preparing for competitive exams like NEET, AIIMS, SSC, UPSC, or general knowledge quizzes, mastering Cell Biology MCQs is essential. This comprehensive collection of 100+ Cell Biology MCQs with answers and one-line explanations is designed to help students test their knowledge, reinforce key concepts, and excel in examinations. Sourced from authentic platforms like Sanfoundry, BYJU’S, and Vedantu, these questions cover critical topics such as cell structure, organelles, cell division, and molecular processes. Whether you’re a beginner or an advanced learner, these Cell Biology MCQs will enhance your preparation and boost your confidence.
Cell Biology MCQs with Answers and Explanations
- What is the smallest and basic unit of life?
a) Tissue
b) Cell
c) Organ
d) Molecule
Answer: b) Cell
Explanation: A cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of life, responsible for all life processes. - Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?
a) Nucleus
b) Mitochondria
c) Lysosome
d) Golgi Apparatus
Answer: b) Mitochondria
Explanation: Mitochondria produce ATP, the energy currency of the cell, through cellular respiration. - Which cell organelle is absent in animal cells but present in plant cells?
a) Centrosome
b) Cell Wall
c) Lysosome
d) Mitochondria
Answer: b) Cell Wall
Explanation: The cell wall, made of cellulose, provides structural support in plant cells but is absent in animal cells. - What is the primary component of the plant cell wall?
a) Chitin
b) Cellulose
c) Peptin
d) Lignin
Answer: b) Cellulose
Explanation: Cellulose is a polysaccharide that forms the rigid structure of the plant cell wall. - Which organelle is called the suicidal bag of the cell?
a) Lysosome
b) Mitochondria
c) Endoplasmic Reticulum
d) Nucleus
Answer: a) Lysosome
Explanation: Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that break down waste, earning them the nickname “suicidal bags.” - Which cell organelle is involved in protein synthesis?
a) Ribosome
b) Golgi Apparatus
c) Mitochondria
d) Peroxisome
Answer: a) Ribosome
Explanation: Ribosomes are the sites where amino acids are assembled into proteins. - Who proposed the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane?
a) Schleiden and Schwann
b) Singer and Nicolson
c) Watson and Crick
d) Robert Hooke
Answer: b) Singer and Nicolson
Explanation: The fluid mosaic model, proposed in 1972, describes the cell membrane as a flexible lipid bilayer with embedded proteins. - Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?
a) Mitochondria
b) Chloroplast
c) Lysosome
d) Vacuole
Answer: b) Chloroplast
Explanation: Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, which captures light energy for photosynthesis. - Which cell organelle does not contain DNA?
a) Nucleus
b) Mitochondria
c) Lysosome
d) Chloroplast
Answer: c) Lysosome
Explanation: Lysosomes lack DNA, unlike mitochondria and chloroplasts, which have their own genetic material. - What is the jelly-like substance inside the plasma membrane?
a) Nucleoplasm
b) Cytoplasm
c) Protoplasm
d) Matrix
Answer: b) Cytoplasm
Explanation: Cytoplasm is the gel-like medium where organelles are suspended and cellular processes occur. - Which cell organelle is involved in lipid synthesis?
a) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
b) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
c) Golgi Apparatus
d) Lysosome
Answer: b) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Explanation: The smooth ER synthesizes lipids, including phospholipids and steroids. - What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?
a) Protein synthesis
b) Packaging and modification of proteins
c) Energy production
d) Waste digestion
Answer: b) Packaging and modification of proteins
Explanation: The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or use within the cell. - Which structure in a prokaryotic cell contains genetic material?
a) Nucleus
b) Nucleoid
c) Ribosome
d) Plasmid
Answer: b) Nucleoid
Explanation: Prokaryotes lack a true nucleus; their DNA is located in a region called the nucleoid. - Which process divides the cytoplasm during cell division?
a) Mitosis
b) Meiosis
c) Cytokinesis
d) Binary Fission
Answer: c) Cytokinesis
Explanation: Cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm to form two daughter cells after nuclear division. - Which organelle is involved in the formation of the spindle during cell division?
a) Centriole
b) Ribosome
c) Lysosome
d) Golgi Apparatus
Answer: a) Centriole
Explanation: Centrioles organize microtubules to form the spindle apparatus during cell division. - What is the site of ribosomal RNA synthesis?
a) Nucleus
b) Nucleolus
c) Cytoplasm
d) Endoplasmic Reticulum
Answer: b) Nucleolus
Explanation: The nucleolus, within the nucleus, is where rRNA is synthesized and ribosomes are assembled. - Which type of cell lacks a defined nucleus?
a) Eukaryotic
b) Prokaryotic
c) Plant
d) Animal
Answer: b) Prokaryotic
Explanation: Prokaryotic cells have a nucleoid instead of a membrane-bound nucleus. - What is the main component of the fungal cell wall?
a) Cellulose
b) Chitin
c) Peptidoglycan
d) Lignin
Answer: b) Chitin
Explanation: Chitin, a polysaccharide, forms the rigid cell wall of fungi. - Which organelle is responsible for detoxifying harmful substances?
a) Lysosome
b) Peroxisome
c) Mitochondria
d) Golgi Apparatus
Answer: b) Peroxisome
Explanation: Peroxisomes break down toxic substances like hydrogen peroxide. - What is the name of the process by which cells engulf large particles?
a) Phagocytosis
b) Pinocytosis
c) Exocytosis
d) Diffusion
Answer: a) Phagocytosis
Explanation: Phagocytosis is the process of engulfing large particles, like bacteria, by cells. - Which molecule is the primary energy currency of the cell?
a) ADP
b) ATP
c) NADP
d) Glucose
Answer: b) ATP
Explanation: ATP (adenosine triphosphate) provides energy for cellular processes. - Which cell organelle is involved in autophagy?
a) Lysosome
b) Mitochondria
c) Nucleus
d) Ribosome
Answer: a) Lysosome
Explanation: Lysosomes degrade damaged organelles and molecules during autophagy. - What is the main function of the vacuole in plant cells?
a) Protein synthesis
b) Storage
c) Energy production
d) Cell division
Answer: b) Storage
Explanation: Vacuoles store nutrients, waste products, and maintain turgor pressure in plant cells. - Which scientist discovered the cell in 1665?
a) Matthias Schleiden
b) Theodor Schwann
c) Robert Hooke
d) Rudolf Virchow
Answer: c) Robert Hooke
Explanation: Robert Hooke observed cork cells under a microscope and coined the term “cell.” - What is the function of the nucleoplasm?
a) Protein synthesis
b) DNA replication and transcription
c) Lipid synthesis
d) Energy production
Answer: b) DNA replication and transcription
Explanation: Nucleoplasm contains DNA and supports replication and transcription processes. - Which organelle is involved in vesicle transport?
a) Endoplasmic Reticulum
b) Golgi Apparatus
c) Lysosome
d) Peroxisome
Answer: b) Golgi Apparatus
Explanation: The Golgi apparatus packages proteins into vesicles for transport. - What is the primary source of energy for Earth’s climate system?
a) Sunlight
b) Glucose
c) ATP
d) Oxygen
Answer: a) Sunlight
Explanation: Sunlight drives photosynthesis, which supports cellular energy production. - Which process converts molecular nitrogen into inorganic compounds?
a) Nitrification
b) Nitrogen Fixation
c) Denitrification
d) Ammonification
Answer: b) Nitrogen Fixation
Explanation: Nitrogen fixation converts atmospheric nitrogen into usable compounds like ammonia. - Which organelle is not part of the endomembrane system?
a) Endoplasmic Reticulum
b) Golgi Apparatus
c) Mitochondria
d) Lysosome
Answer: c) Mitochondria
Explanation: Mitochondria have their own membranes and are not part of the endomembrane system. - What is the role of the centrosome in animal cells?
a) Protein synthesis
b) Microtubule organization
c) Lipid synthesis
d) Waste digestion
Answer: b) Microtubule organization
Explanation: The centrosome organizes microtubules, aiding in cell division and structure. - Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome?
a) mRNA
b) tRNA
c) rRNA
d) snRNA
Answer: b) tRNA
Explanation: Transfer RNA (tRNA) transports amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis. - What is the main component of the bacterial cell wall?
a) Cellulose
b) Peptidoglycan
c) Chitin
d) Lignin
Answer: b) Peptidoglycan
Explanation: Peptidoglycan provides structural support to bacterial cell walls. - Which organelle is responsible for modifying proteins after translation?
a) Ribosome
b) Golgi Apparatus
c) Nucleus
d) Mitochondria
Answer: b) Golgi Apparatus
Explanation: The Golgi apparatus modifies and packages proteins for their final destinations. - Which structure in the cell is responsible for cell-to-cell adhesion?
a) Desmosome
b) Tight Junction
c) Gap Junction
d) Plasmodesmata
Answer: a) Desmosome
Explanation: Desmosomes anchor adjacent cells together, providing structural stability. - What is the primary function of chloroplasts in plant cells?
a) Protein synthesis
b) Photosynthesis
c) Lipid synthesis
d) Waste digestion
Answer: b) Photosynthesis
Explanation: Chloroplasts convert light energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis. - Which cell organelle is involved in programmed cell death?
a) Mitochondria
b) Lysosome
c) Nucleus
d) Golgi Apparatus
Answer: a) Mitochondria
Explanation: Mitochondria release factors that trigger apoptosis (programmed cell death). - What is the function of the kinetochore during cell division?
a) Protein synthesis
b) Microtubule attachment
c) Lipid synthesis
d) Energy production
Answer: b) Microtubule attachment
Explanation: The kinetochore attaches chromosomes to spindle microtubules during mitosis. - Which molecule is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?
a) Oxygen
b) Glucose
c) ATP
d) NADH
Answer: a) Oxygen
Explanation: Oxygen accepts electrons in the mitochondrial electron transport chain to form water. - Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes?
a) Lysosome
b) Peroxisome
c) Mitochondria
d) Nucleus
Answer: a) Lysosome
Explanation: Lysosomes contain enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris. - What is the primary role of the endoplasmic reticulum?
a) Energy production
b) Protein and lipid synthesis
c) Waste digestion
d) Cell division
Answer: b) Protein and lipid synthesis
Explanation: The ER synthesizes proteins (rough ER) and lipids (smooth ER) for cellular use. - Which process involves the division of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells?
a) Cytokinesis
b) Mitosis
c) Meiosis
d) Binary Fission
Answer: b) Mitosis
Explanation: Mitosis divides the nucleus to ensure each daughter cell receives identical DNA. - What is the role of the nucleoid in prokaryotic cells?
a) Protein synthesis
b) DNA storage
c) Lipid synthesis
d) Energy production
Answer: b) DNA storage
Explanation: The nucleoid contains the prokaryotic cell’s genetic material. - Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing ribosomal subunits?
a) Nucleus
b) Nucleolus
c) Ribosome
d) Golgi Apparatus
Answer: b) Nucleolus
Explanation: The nucleolus assembles ribosomal subunits from rRNA and proteins. - What is the primary function of microfilaments in the cell?
a) Cell motility
b) Protein synthesis
c) Energy production
d) DNA replication
Answer: a) Cell motility
Explanation: Microfilaments, made of actin, support cell shape and movement. - Which molecule acts as a template for protein synthesis?
a) DNA
b) mRNA
c) tRNA
d) rRNA
Answer: b) mRNA
Explanation: Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the genetic code from DNA to ribosomes. - Which organelle is involved in the formation of lysosomes?
a) Endoplasmic Reticulum
b) Golgi Apparatus
c) Mitochondria
d) Nucleus
Answer: b) Golgi Apparatus
Explanation: The Golgi apparatus packages enzymes into lysosomes for cellular digestion. - What is the role of the stroma in chloroplasts?
a) Light absorption
b) CO2 fixation
c) Protein synthesis
d) Lipid synthesis
Answer: b) CO2 fixation
Explanation: The stroma contains enzymes for the Calvin cycle, which fixes CO2 into sugars. - Which structure allows communication between plant cells?
a) Desmosome
b) Tight Junction
c) Plasmodesmata
d) Gap Junction
Answer: c) Plasmodesmata
Explanation: Plasmodesmata are channels that allow molecules to pass between plant cells. - Which phase of the cell cycle involves DNA replication?
a) G1 Phase
b) S Phase
c) G2 Phase
d) M Phase
Answer: b) S Phase
Explanation: The S phase is when DNA is replicated to prepare for cell division. - What is the role of the centriole in animal cells?
a) Protein synthesis
b) Spindle formation
c) Lipid synthesis
d) Waste digestion
Answer: b) Spindle formation
Explanation: Centrioles organize the spindle fibers during mitosis in animal cells. - Which organelle is involved in the synthesis of steroids?
a) Smooth ER
b) Rough ER
c) Golgi Apparatus
d) Lysosome
Answer: a) Smooth ER
Explanation: The smooth ER synthesizes steroids and detoxifies drugs. - What is the main function of the nucleolus?
a) DNA replication
b) Ribosome assembly
c) Protein synthesis
d) Lipid synthesis
Answer: b) Ribosome assembly
Explanation: The nucleolus assembles ribosomal subunits for protein synthesis. - Which process produces gametes in animals?
a) Mitosis
b) Meiosis
c) Cytokinesis
d) Binary Fission
Answer: b) Meiosis
Explanation: Meiosis reduces chromosome number to produce haploid gametes. - What is the function of the cell membrane?
a) Energy production
b) Selective permeability
c) Protein synthesis
d) DNA replication
Answer: b) Selective permeability
Explanation: The cell membrane regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell. - Which organelle is involved in the breakdown of fatty acids?
a) Lysosome
b) Peroxisome
c) Mitochondria
d) Golgi Apparatus
Answer: b) Peroxisome
Explanation: Peroxisomes metabolize fatty acids and detoxify peroxides. - What is the role of the cytoskeleton in cells?
a) Energy production
b) Structural support
c) Protein synthesis
d) DNA replication
Answer: b) Structural support
Explanation: The cytoskeleton maintains cell shape and facilitates movement. - Which molecule is the genetic material in most organisms?
a) RNA
b) DNA
c) Protein
d) Lipid
Answer: b) DNA
Explanation: DNA stores genetic information and directs cellular functions. - Which organelle is responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?
a) Nucleus
b) Mitochondria
c) Lysosome
d) Golgi Apparatus
Answer: b) Mitochondria
Explanation: Mitochondria generate ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. - What is the role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
a) Lipid synthesis
b) Protein synthesis
c) Energy production
d) Waste digestion
Answer: b) Protein synthesis
Explanation: The rough ER, studded with ribosomes, synthesizes proteins for export. - Which structure in the cell is responsible for DNA packaging?
a) Nucleus
b) Chromosome
c) Nucleoid
d) Ribosome
Answer: b) Chromosome
Explanation: Chromosomes organize and package DNA in eukaryotic cells. - What is the primary function of gap junctions?
a) Cell adhesion
b) Cell communication
c) Structural support
d) Nutrient storage
Answer: b) Cell communication
Explanation: Gap junctions allow the passage of small molecules between adjacent cells. - Which organelle is involved in the synthesis of carbohydrates?
a) Chloroplast
b) Mitochondria
c) Lysosome
d) Golgi Apparatus
Answer: a) Chloroplast
Explanation: Chloroplasts synthesize carbohydrates during photosynthesis. - What is the role of the nuclear envelope?
a) Protein synthesis
b) DNA protection
c) Lipid synthesis
d) Energy production
Answer: b) DNA protection
Explanation: The nuclear envelope encloses and protects the cell’s genetic material. - Which process involves the uptake of liquids by the cell?
a) Phagocytosis
b) Pinocytosis
c) Exocytosis
d) Diffusion
Answer: b) Pinocytosis
Explanation: Pinocytosis is the engulfment of liquids or small solutes by the cell. - What is the function of the thylakoid in chloroplasts?
a) CO2 fixation
b) Light absorption
c) Protein synthesis
d) Lipid synthesis
Answer: b) Light absorption
Explanation: Thylakoids contain chlorophyll, which captures light for photosynthesis. - Which cell organelle is involved in the formation of cilia and flagella?
a) Centriole
b) Ribosome
c) Lysosome
d) Golgi Apparatus
Answer: a) Centriole
Explanation: Centrioles form the basal bodies of cilia and flagella. - What is the primary role of the ribosome in the cell?
a) Energy production
b) Protein synthesis
c) Lipid synthesis
d) DNA replication
Answer: b) Protein synthesis
Explanation: Ribosomes translate mRNA into proteins. - Which structure is responsible for the formation of the cleavage furrow in animal cells?
a) Microtubules
b) Actin filaments
c) Intermediate filaments
d) Centrioles
Answer: b) Actin filaments
Explanation: Actin filaments form the contractile ring during cytokinesis in animal cells. - What is the function of the cell plate in plant cells?
a) Protein synthesis
b) Cell division
c) Lipid synthesis
d) Energy production
Answer: b) Cell division
Explanation: The cell plate forms the new cell wall during cytokinesis in plant cells. - Which organelle is involved in the transport of molecules through nuclear pores?
a) Nucleus
b) Nuclear envelope
c) Nucleolus
d) Ribosome
Answer: b) Nuclear envelope
Explanation: The nuclear envelope contains pores that regulate molecular transport. - What is the primary function of the TCA cycle?
a) Protein synthesis
b) Energy production
c) Lipid synthesis
d) DNA replication
Answer: b) Energy production
Explanation: The TCA (Krebs) cycle generates energy-rich molecules like NADH and FADH2. - Which molecule is the primary component of the plasma membrane?
a) Protein
b) Phospholipid
c) Carbohydrate
d) Nucleic acid
Answer: b) Phospholipid
Explanation: Phospholipids form the bilayer structure of the plasma membrane. - What is the role of the peroxisome in lipid metabolism?
a) Lipid synthesis
b) Lipid breakdown
c) Protein synthesis
d) DNA replication
Answer: b) Lipid breakdown
Explanation: Peroxisomes break down fatty acids through beta-oxidation. - Which process involves the division of a single cell into two identical daughter cells?
a) Meiosis
b) Mitosis
c) Cytokinesis
d) Apoptosis
Answer: b) Mitosis
Explanation: Mitosis ensures identical genetic material is distributed to daughter cells. - What is the function of the nucleosome in eukaryotic cells?
a) Protein synthesis
b) DNA packaging
c) Lipid synthesis
d) Energy production
Answer: b) DNA packaging
Explanation: Nucleosomes, formed by histones, compact DNA into chromatin. - Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of rRNA?
a) Nucleus
b) Nucleolus
c) Ribosome
d) Golgi Apparatus
Answer: b) Nucleolus
Explanation: The nucleolus transcribes rRNA genes for ribosome assembly. - What is the primary function of the lysosome in animal cells?
a) Energy production
b) Waste digestion
c) Protein synthesis
d) Lipid synthesis
Answer: b) Waste digestion
Explanation: Lysosomes degrade waste materials and cellular debris. - Which molecule is the primary source of energy for cellular respiration?
a) Glucose
b) ATP
c) Oxygen
d) NADH
Answer: a) Glucose
Explanation: Glucose is broken down during cellular respiration to produce ATP. - What is the role of the centriole during mitosis?
a) DNA replication
b) Spindle formation
c) Protein synthesis
d) Lipid synthesis
Answer: b) Spindle formation
Explanation: Centrioles organize microtubules into the mitotic spindle. - Which structure in the cell is responsible for the synthesis of ATP?
a) Nucleus
b) Mitochondria
c) Lysosome
d) Golgi Apparatus
Answer: b) Mitochondria
Explanation: Mitochondria produce ATP through the electron transport chain. - What is the primary function of the cell wall in algae?
a) Protein synthesis
b) Structural support
c) Energy production
d) DNA replication
Answer: b) Structural support
Explanation: The algal cell wall, often made of polysaccharides, provides structural support. - Which process involves the reduction of chromosome number by half?
a) Mitosis
b) Meiosis
c) Cytokinesis
d) Binary Fission
Answer: b) Meiosis
Explanation: Meiosis produces gametes with half the chromosome number of the parent cell. - What is the role of the nuclear lamina?
a) Protein synthesis
b) Nuclear structure support
c) Lipid synthesis
d) Energy production
Answer: b) Nuclear structure support
Explanation: The nuclear lamina provides structural support to the nuclear envelope. - Which organelle is involved in the synthesis of glycoproteins?
a) Rough ER
b) Golgi Apparatus
c) Lysosome
d) Mitochondria
Answer: b) Golgi Apparatus
Explanation: The Golgi apparatus adds carbohydrate groups to proteins to form glycoproteins. - What is the primary function of the microfilaments in the cytoskeleton?
a) Cell motility
b) DNA replication
c) Protein synthesis
d) Energy production
Answer: a) Cell motility
Explanation: Microfilaments, made of actin, facilitate cell movement and shape changes. - Which molecule is the primary component of ribosomes?
a) DNA
b) RNA
c) Protein
d) Lipid
Answer: b) RNA
Explanation: Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. - What is the role of the proton motive force in mitochondria?
a) Protein synthesis
b) ATP production
c) Lipid synthesis
d) DNA replication
Answer: b) ATP production
Explanation: The proton motive force drives ATP synthesis in the mitochondria. - Which structure is responsible for the formation of the cell plate in plant cells?
a) Golgi Apparatus
b) Mitochondria
c) Lysosome
d) Nucleus
Answer: a) Golgi Apparatus
Explanation: The Golgi apparatus forms vesicles that create the cell plate during plant cell division. - What is the primary function of the tight junction?
a) Cell communication
b) Cell adhesion
c) Prevent leakage
d) Structural support
Answer: c) Prevent leakage
Explanation: Tight junctions seal adjacent cells to prevent leakage of molecules. - Which organelle is involved in the synthesis of chlorophyll?
a) Chloroplast
b) Mitochondria
c) Lysosome
d) Golgi Apparatus
Answer: a) Chloroplast
Explanation: Chloroplasts synthesize chlorophyll, essential for photosynthesis. - What is the role of the nuclear pore complex?
a) Protein synthesis
b) Molecular transport
c) Lipid synthesis
d) Energy production
Answer: b) Molecular transport
Explanation: Nuclear pores regulate the transport of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm. - Which process involves the breakdown of glucose to produce ATP?
a) Photosynthesis
b) Cellular Respiration
c) Protein Synthesis
d) DNA Replication
Answer: b) Cellular Respiration
Explanation: Cellular respiration breaks down glucose to generate ATP. - What is the primary function of the intermediate filaments in the cytoskeleton?
a) Cell motility
b) Structural support
c) Protein synthesis
d) Energy production
Answer: b) Structural support
Explanation: Intermediate filaments provide mechanical strength to cells. - Which organelle is involved in the detoxification of drugs?
a) Lysosome
b) Smooth ER
c) Mitochondria
d) Golgi Apparatus
Answer: b) Smooth ER
Explanation: The smooth ER detoxifies drugs and synthesizes lipids. - What is the role of the centrosome in cell division?
a) DNA replication
b) Spindle organization
c) Protein synthesis
d) Lipid synthesis
Answer: b) Spindle organization
Explanation: The centrosome organizes microtubules into the mitotic spindle. - Which molecule is the primary component of chromatin?
a) DNA
b) RNA
c) Protein
d) Lipid
Answer: a) DNA
Explanation: Chromatin is composed of DNA wrapped around histone proteins. - What is the primary function of the lysosome in phagocytosis?
a) Energy production
b) Digestion of engulfed particles
c) Protein synthesis
d) Lipid synthesis
Answer: b) Digestion of engulfed particles
Explanation: Lysosomes fuse with phagosomes to digest engulfed materials. - Which process involves the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template?
a) Replication
b) Transcription
c) Translation
d) Reverse Transcription
Answer: b) Transcription
Explanation: Transcription produces RNA using a DNA template in the nucleus. - What is the role of the contractile ring in animal cells?
a) DNA replication
b) Cytokinesis
c) Protein synthesis
d) Lipid synthesis
Answer: b) Cytokinesis
Explanation: The contractile ring, made of actin and myosin, divides the cytoplasm during cytokinesis. - Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of phospholipids?
a) Rough ER
b) Smooth ER
c) Golgi Apparatus
d) Lysosome
Answer: b) Smooth ER
Explanation: The smooth ER synthesizes phospholipids for membrane formation.
Additional Cell Biology MCQs
- What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle in chloroplasts?
a) Light absorption
b) CO2 fixation
c) Protein synthesis
d) Lipid synthesis
Answer: b) CO2 fixation
Explanation: The Calvin cycle uses CO2 to produce glucose during photosynthesis. - Which structure in the cell is responsible for protein folding?
a) Ribosome
b) Endoplasmic Reticulum
c) Lysosome
d) Nucleus
Answer: b) Endoplasmic Reticulum
Explanation: The rough ER assists in folding proteins synthesized by ribosomes. - What is the primary function of the nuclear matrix?
a) Protein synthesis
b) Structural support
c) Lipid synthesis
d) Energy production
Answer: b) Structural support
Explanation: The nuclear matrix organizes chromatin and supports nuclear structure. - Which process involves the movement of molecules from high to low concentration?
a) Active Transport
b) Diffusion
c) Phagocytosis
d) Pinocytosis
Answer: b) Diffusion
Explanation: Diffusion is the passive movement of molecules down a concentration gradient. - What is the role of the cristae in mitochondria?
a) Protein synthesis
b) Increase surface area
c) Lipid synthesis
d) DNA replication
Answer: b) Increase surface area
Explanation: Cristae increase the surface area for ATP production in mitochondria.
Conclusion
This collection of 100+ Cell Biology MCQs with answers and concise explanations is a valuable resource for students aiming to excel in competitive exams and enhance their general knowledge in biology. Covering essential topics like cell structure, organelles, and cellular processes, these Cell Biology MCQs provide a comprehensive tool for revision and self-assessment. By practicing these questions, students can strengthen their understanding of cell biology and boost their confidence for exams like NEET, SSC, and UPSC. Keep exploring Cell Biology MCQs to stay ahead in your preparation and master the science of life at the cellular level.
Disclaimer
The following Cell Biology MCQs are compiled for educational purposes to aid students in preparing for various competitive examinations. While the content is sourced from authentic and reliable platforms, users are advised to cross-verify answers with standard textbooks or consult subject experts for accuracy. The author and publisher are not responsible for any errors or discrepancies in the content or for any consequences arising from its use.