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Agriculture

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Agriculture G.K

1. The sub scheme of Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana was started w.e.f. – 2011-12

2. Watershed Development Project in shifting Cultivation Areas scheme was started w.e.f.- 1992-93

3. Presently, the land degraded soils in India is about- 120.41 million hectares

4.  National Bamboo Mission a centrally sponsored scheme was launched in the year- 2006-07

5. The world food day by FAO is celebrated each year on – 17th October

6.The World Food Programme jointly with UN & FAO was set up in the year- 1963

7.National Mission on Micro Irrigation was started w.e.f. – 2005-06

8. Small Farmers Agri-Business Consortium, New Delhi was registered on 18th January – 1994

9. A Pivatal Organization under the Deptt. of Agriculture & Cooperation was established in the year- 1958

Agriculture Schemes :-

1. Price Stabilization Fund Scheme (PSFS) for Tea, Coffee and tobacco growers was launched in April 2003.

2. National Agriculture Insurance Scheme (NAIS) – implemented from rabi 1999-2000 season.

3. Micro Irrigation Scheme – launched in Jan. 2006 to promote WUE by adopting drip and sprinkler irrigation.

4. National Horticulture Mission was started in 2005-06.

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Physics, Chemistry, Biology,

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Science Miscellaneous Questions With Answers

1.A weather balloon is not fully inflated on the ground because–
(A) if the balloon is fully inflated, it may not remain stable in a storm
(B) the air inside the balloon expands as it rises and may burst
(C) it cannot withstand the outside pressure if fully inflated
(D) None of these
Ans : (B)

2. A person born with the inner ear missing–
(A) would not have the Eustachian tube
(B) would never be able to hear sound
(C) would be able to hear only with an electronic hearing aid
(D) could only hear a loud explosion
Ans : (B)

3. The possibility of hereditary variation is greatest when–
(A) self-fertilisation occurs, as in some plants
(B) an abundant amount of food is provided for the egg
(C) organisms reproduce sexually
(D) organisms reproduce asexually
Ans : (C)

4. Steel is more elastic then rubber because–
(A) its density is high (B) it is a metal
(C) ratio of stress to strain is more (D) ratio of stress to strain is less
Ans : (C)

5. A transistor is most likely to be found in a–
(A) fuse (B) fluorescent lamp
(C) hearing aid (D) wrist watch
Ans : (C)

6. Vitamin B12 is most useful for combating–
(A) anaemia (B) goitre
(C) night blindness (D) rickets
Ans : (A)
   
7. For purifying drinking water, alum is used–
(A) for coagulation of mud particles (B) to kill bacteria
(C) to remove salts (D) to remove gases
Ans : (A)

8. What is function of a dynamo ?
(A) To convert heat energy into light energy
(B) To convert light energy into heat energy
(C) To convert mechanical energy into electrical energy
(D) To convert electrical energy into mechanical energy
Ans : (C)

9.Which of the following acts as a resistance against disease in the body ?
(A) Carbohydrates (B) Red corpuscles
(C) Vitamins (D) White corpuscles
Ans : (D)

10. Who is credited with the development of polio vaccine ?
(A) Linus Pauling
(B) Jonas Salk
(C) Melvin Calvin
(D) Selman Waksman
Ans : (B)

11. Which one of the following statements regarding sound is true ?
(A) It travels at its greatest speed in vacuum.
(B) It produces transverse vibrations in the medium in which it travels.
(C) Its source is always a vibrating material.
(D) It cannot travel through liquids.
Ans : (C)

12. The clear sky looks blue because of–
(A) reflection of light (B) refraction of light
(C) diffraction of light (D) dispersion of light
Ans : (D)

13. The chief constituent of Gobar Gas is–
(A) ethane (B) methane
(C) hydrogen (D) carbon dioxide
Ans : (B)

14. Which of the following in the human body is popularly called the ‘Adam’s Apple’?
(A) Adrenal (B) Liver
(C) Thyroid (D) Thymus
Ans : (C)

15.  Which one of the following substances is obtained by the fractionation of human blood ?
(A) Antivenom serum (B) Gamma globulin
(C) Polio vaccine (D) Diphtheria antitoxin
Ans : (B)

16.  Of the blood groups A, B, AB and O, which one is transfused into a person whose blood group is A ?
(A)  Group A only (B)  Group B only
(C)  Group A and O (D)  Group AB only
Ans : (C)

17.The three abundant elements in the earth’s crust are aluminium, oxygen and silicon. The correct order of their abundance is–
(A) oxygen, aluminium, silicon (B) aluminium, silicon, oxygen
(C) oxygen, silicon, aluminium (D) silicon, oxygen, aluminium
Ans : (D)

18.Penicillin is widely used as–
(A) an antiseptic (B) a disinfectant
(C) an antibiotic (D) an insecticide
Ans : (C)

19.  An eye defect which usually results from an unequal curvature of the cornea is–
(A) nearsightedness (B) astigmatism
(C) colour blindness (D) night blindness
Ans : (B)

20. The velocity of sound in air (under normal conditions) is–
(A) 30 m / sec (B) 320 m / sec
(C) 332 m / sec (D) 3,320 m / sec
Ans : (C)

21.A photo-electric cell converts–
(A) sound energy into electrical energy (B) light energy into electrical energy
(C) an electrical signal into sound waves (D) electrical energy into light energy
Ans : (B)

22. Which of the following vitamins is helpful for coagulation of blood  ?
(A) C (B) D (C) E (D) K
Ans : (D)

23. Which of the following sounds cannot be heard by human ear?
(A) 300 vibrations / sec (B) 1,000 vibrations / sec
(C) 10,000 vibrations / sec (D) 30,000 vibrations / sec
Ans : (D)

24. Exposure to sunlight helps a person improve his health because–
(A) the infra-red light kills bacteria in the body    
(B) resistance power increases
(C) the pigment cells in the skin get stimulated and produce a healthy tan
(D) the ultraviolet rays convert skin oil into Vitamin D
Ans : (D)

25. Small amounts of iodine are necessary in our diet to–
(A) prevent pellagra
(B) compensate for underactivity of the thyroid gland
(C) stimulate clotting of blood
(D) stimulate pituitary gland
Ans : (B)

26.  A triode differs from a diode in the way that–
(A) it can amplify a signal (B) it has vacuum inside
(C) it has a heated cathode (D) its current is caused by the photoelectric effect
Ans : (A)

27. Radioactive substances can be produces readily in–
(A) an electron gun (B) an atomic pile
(C) a transistor (D) a Wilson cloud chamber
Ans : (B)

28.On a sudden cardiac arrest, which of the following is advised as a first step to revive the functioning of human heart ?
(A) Mouth to mouth resuscitation (B) Giving external cardiac massage
(C) Sprinkling water on the face (D) Giving cool water to drink
Ans : (A)

29. The method of estimating the age of the crust of the earth, which is now believed to be the most accurate, makes use of the rate of–
(A) accumulation of sedimentary beds  (B) accumulation of salt in the ocean
(C) atomic disintegration (radio-activity) (D) loss of heat by the earth
Ans : (C)

30.  With the present-day advancement in medical techniques, transplants are possible in all of the following except–
(A) artery (B) bone
(C) cornea (D) kidney
Ans : (B)

31. The reaction which converts sugar solution into alcohol is a example of–
(A) saponification (B) hydrogenation
(C) fermentation (D) hydrolysis
Ans : (C)

32.When a given amount of air is cooled–
(A) the amount of moisture it can hold decreases (B) its absolute humidity decreases
(C) its relative humidity remains constant  (D) its absolute humidity increases
Ans : (A)

33.  The Rh factor refers to–
(A) a protein substance found in the blood of some people
(B) a hormone carried by the blood
(C) the ratio of red corpuscles to white corpuscles in the blood
(D) a process that speeds up the clotting of blood
Ans : (A)

34.All of the following are examples of chemical changes except the–
(A) magnetising of iron (B) rusting of iron
(C) digestion of food (D) souring of milk
Ans : (A)

35. Cancer is a disease which–
(A) cannot be spread by those who have it
(B) is found only in human beings
(C) develops only in certain organs of the body
(D) is passed from generation to generation
Ans : (A)

36. The greatest value of bees to mankind is in–
(A) supplying of food for birds
(B) insuring pollination of certain crop plants
(C) storing honey for man’s use
(D) furnishing beeswax needed in certain specialised industries
Ans : (B)

37. The moon has no atmosphere because–
(A) no atmosphere has ever formed there
(B) the rocky surface completely absorbed the gases
(C) due to the low temperature, gases have condensed
(D) its gravitational pull is not strong enough to hold an atmosphere
 Ans : (D)

38. When a moving bus stops suddenly, the passengers are pushed forward because of the–
(A) friction between the earth and the bus
(B) friction between the passengers and the earth
(C) inertia of the passengers
(D) inertia of the bus
Ans : (C)

39.  Which of the following is not an attribute of bacterium ?
(A) Ability to arise from non-living matter (B) Growth
(C) Reproduction (D) Respiration
Ans : (A)

40.The chief purpose if crop rotation is to check the loss of topsoil–
(A) by water erosion (B) by wind erosion
(C) by weathering (D) pf its mineral content
Ans : (D)

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GK/General Awareness/G-Studies Uncategorized

GK/General Awareness/G-Studies,

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Howrah Bridge -Important Points

Howrah Bridge is a suspension type balanced cantilever bridge located in West Bengal, India. It is also known as Rabindra Setu.

The bridge connects Howrah and Kolkata. The Bridge is made over the river Hooghly (a branch of River Ganga).

Rendel, Palmer and Tritton  have designed of the bridge and was constructed by Cleveland Bridge & Engineering Company.

It is  Kolkata Port Trust which is maintaining the bridge.

                                                        Howrah Bridge-1945

Howrah Bridge ranks 6th among the cantilever suspension type bridges. At the time of construction its rank was 3rd.

It has been reported that the construction of bridge was started on 1936 and got ended in 1942. For the first time ,it was opened for the public transport on 3 Feb 1943.

After the name of Rabindranath Tagore (first Asian Nobel laureate), On 14 June 1965 the bridge was renamed to Rabindra Setu.

                                                                       Night View

The Howrah bridge consumed about 26,500 tons of steel, as it was made by steel and one of the suppliers of steel was Tata Steel.

The remarkable feature of the bridge is that, no bolts and nuts were used for the construction of this bridge.

The length of the bridge is 705 meter and width is 71 ft with two footpaths of 15 ft on either side.

The historic bridge witnesses a large number of traffic daily. Over 1 million vehicles and record number of pedestrians use it.

 It is the busiest cantilever bridge in the world. Though the first vehicle to use it was a tram, from 1993 trams were stopped from using it to reduce the load.

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Telangana

FISHERIES

Fisheries sector is one of the fast growing sectors contributing to GSDP of the State as well as generating income and employment. Fisheries sector contributes 3.47 percent of GSDP from agriculture and 0.6 percent to the GSDP during 2014-15 at current prices. The sector aims at exploitation of all the possible resourcesunder capture and culture fi shery base for increasing fi sh production and productivity through sustainable development. The sector is contributing considerably for, food security, nutrition and health, livelihood security to rural population and welfare of fishers.

Among the total 78 reservoirs in the State, the water spread area is below 1000 hectares in 53 reservoirs between 1000 and 5000 hectares in 17 reservoirs and 8 percent of reservoirs have water spread area of more than 5000 hectares.

Out of the total 35031 tanks in the State, more than 600 are found in Warangal, Medak, Karimnagar and Mahabubnagar districts. Thus, Warangal, Mahabubnagar, Karminagar and Medak districts have high potential for fi sheries development through tanks and reservoirs.

During 2014-15, up to December 2014, 1.69 Lakh tonnes of fi sh and prawn is produced in Telangana as against target of 2.92 Lakh tonnes. For the year 2015-16, the target for Fish and Prawn production is 3.21 Lakh tonnes.

The average productivity of tank is 300 to 400 kgs per hectare of water spread area. Similarly, in reservoirs, the productivity is 30 kgs per hectare of water spread area as compared to the actual potential of 150 kgs per hectare. Thus, more attention needs to be given to reservoir and tank fi sheries of Telangana to improve their productivity.

The culture fi shery of Telangana is not developed as compared to tank and reservoir fi shery. A major proportion of aquaculture farms are concentrated in Khammam district. Farmers from Mahabubnagar, Nalgonda,Karminagar and Adilabad districts are engaged in prawn culture.

There are 19.04 lakh fi shermen in the State. More than 65 percent of fi shermen are concentrated in Warangal,Mahabubnagar, Nalgonda and Karimnagar districts. The State has been implementing several centrally sponsored programmes that include strengthening the data base and network, registration of fresh water aquaculture, group accident insurance for fishermen, supply of fish seed and ice boxes under State Plan and under the Special Component Plan for SCs.

Similarly, it has been implementing for ST fi shermen also, that includes supply of inputs to ST fi shermen, supply of boats and nets, establishment of fi sh/prawn pond or fish seed farm for STs, vending units with moped and luggage autos.

Fisheries Development

The Government has proposed, a comprehensive project/scheme for Fisheries Development with an outlay of Rs.3856.72 lakh, to improve the productivity, reduce post harvest losses, increase livelihood support and welfare of fi shermen in capture and culture fi shers.

 In this project infrastructure oriented schemes, benefi ciary oriented schemes/programmes, community assets for fi shermen including SC/ST fi shermen are proposed.

Fisherwomen Self Help Groups- Matsya Mitra Groups (MMGS)

Fisherwomen Self Help Groups called Matsya Mitra Groups (MMGs), were set up in the State. There are 383 Fisherwomen Coop. Societies, with a total membership of 1068.

The MMGs are organized within Fisherwomen Coop. Societies. So far 868 MMGs covering 8700 fi sherwomen are organized in Telangana State. These MMGs prepare their Micro business plan and take income generating schemes for improving their economic condition.

Revolving fund is given to the group under Chief Minister package and RKVY @ Rs.25,000 per group of 10 to 15 women. The groups also approach the bank for taking loans to augment their resources. The financial assistance of Rs.138.65 lakhs is released to 550 MMGs in Telangana State so far.

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Telangana Bio Diversity Board (TSBDB)

The Telangana Biodiversity Board constituted with the objective of conservation and sustainable utilization of biological diversity and fair and equitable sharing of biological resources among all stakeholders.

Biodiversity Board conducts International day of Biodiversity on 22nd May every year.

 170 Bio-Diversity Management Committees have been constituted in Telangana by covering 10 Districts, 66 Mandals and 1 Municipal Corporation in Hyderabad.

 The Biodiversity Board proposed to establish Biodiversity parks in each district for creating awareness among the people about biodiversity and its implications.

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Project Tiger (Telangana)

The state has two tiger reserves namely Amrabad Tiger Reserve in the Nallamala hill tracts spreading over Mahboobnagar and Nalgonda districts and the other Kawal Tiger Reserve has forest areas which are contiguous to Tadoba Andheri Tiger Reserve in Maharashtra and Indravathi Tiger Reserve in Chattisgarh. Tigers are known to migrate between Kawal and the other two Tiger Reserves. Hence, development of corridors linking the three Tiger Reserves through Mancherial, Bellampalli and Kagaznagar Divisions are vital for the conservation of the endangered Tiger species.

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Telangana Ku Haritha Haram

“Telangana Ku Haritha Haram (TKHH)”, a flagship programme of the State Government envisages increasing the tree cover of the State from present 25.16% to 33% of the total geographical area of the state.

Apart from the above major fi llip is sought to be given to Social Forestry by taking of massive plantation activities outside Forest areas which include Multi-row road side Avenues, River and Canal bank, Barren hill, Tank bunds and Foreshore areas, Institutional premises, Religious places, Housing Colonies, Community abandoned lands etc.

As a part of this, in the coming three years 230 crore seedlings are proposed to be planted in the State. Out of this 130 crore seedlings are proposed to be planted outside the notifi ed forest areas i.e., 10 crore within HMDA limits, 120 crores in rest of the area of the State.

It is also proposed to rejuvenate 100 crore plants inside the notifi ed forests by way of intensive protection of the Forests and encouraging the live root stock.

Under Telangana Ku Haritha Haram programme a comprehensive exercise for identifi cation of nurseries and plantation sites has been undertaken taking the inputs from “Mana Vooru- Mana Pranalika” (MVMP) initiative of the Government.

A Total number of 3888 nurseries have been identifi ed village wise for raising planting stock by involving various agencies (Forest Department, DWMA, Agriculture, Horticulture, Tribal Welfare etc.) for achieving the target of raising 40 crore seedlings for 2015 planting season. Further, initiative is being taken to raise another 40 crore tall seedlings of adequate height for 2016 planting.

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Indian Economy -Facts File

1- India’s Index of Industrial Production (IIP) grew by 3.8 per cent in June 2015 compared to 2.5 per cent in May, 2015. The growth was largely due to the boost in manufacturing growth, which was 4.6 per cent in June compared to 2.9 per cent in the previous month.

2- India continued to remain at the top of Nielsen’s global consumer confidence index for the fifth quarter in a row. The country’s confidence score rose 1 point from the previous quarter to 131 in the three months ended June 2015, which was highest in past four years.

3- India’s current account deficit reduced sharply to US$ 1.3 billion (0.2 per cent of GDP) in the fourth quarter of FY2015 compared to US$ 8.3 billion (1.6 per cent of GDP) in the previous quarter, a reduction in the current account deficit by 84.3 per cent quarteronquarter basis.

4-India’s Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation rate fell to eight-month low of 3.8 per cent in July 2015 as compared to 5.4 per cent in June 2015, led by fall in food     and beverages price index.

5- Private Equity investment activity in May 2015 increased both in terms of volume (68 deals or 58 per cent increase) and value (US$ 1.25 billion or 48 per cent increase) on a year-on-year basis.

6-The Indian economy is expected to grow at 7.8 per cent in FY 2015-16 and 8.2 per cent in FY 2016-17, with support from healthy monsoon and new investments, as per the forecast by Asian Development Bank (ADB).

7-India’s foreign exchange reserves were US$ 353.5 billion in the week up to July 31, 2015, an increase of US$ 33.5 billion over the past one year.

8-Mutual Funds asset base of equity funds and Equity Linked Saving Scheme (ELSS) has increased to Rs 3.93 trillion (US$ 60 billion) in July 2015 from Rs 3.45 trillion (US$ 53.9 billion) compared to end of previous year.

9-The total Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) transaction value for the month of May 2015 was US$ 3.3 billion involving a total of 115 transactions. In the M&A space, retail and consumer was the dominant sector amounting to 49 per cent of the total transaction value.

10-Foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows have increased 33 per cent this year to reach US$ 17.34 billion during January-May 2015, compared to same period last year.

11-India’s Wholesale Price Index (WPI) inflation rate remained negative at 4.05 per cent for the ninth consecutive month in July 2015 as against negative 2.4 per cent in the previous month, led by low crude oil prices.

12-The eight key infrastructure sectors grew by 3 per cent year-on-year in June, 2015 as against 4.4 per cent in May, 2015 with refinery products exhibiting the maximum growth of 7.5 per cent.

13-As per Society for Indian Automobiles Manufacturers (SIAM), in April-July 2015, overall automobile exports increased 8.6 per cent year-on-year. Passenger Vehicles, Commercial Vehicles,Three Wheelers and Two Wheelers reported increase of 2.94 per cent, 24.37 per cent, 28.96 per cent and 6.33 per cent respectively during the period. 

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Geography Uncategorized

Geography,

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Geographical Epithets

1- Island Continent  –  Australia.

2- Yellow river  – Hwang-ho,

3- Pink City – Jaipur.

4- Land of lakes – Scotland.

5- Gift of Nile  – Egypt.

6- City of Seven hills  – Rome.

7- Land of mid Night sun-  Norway.

8-City of skyscrappers –   New York.

9-China’s sorrow  – Hwang-ho.

10-Sugar bowl  of the world –  Cuba.

11-Land of thousand lakes-  Finland.

12-Forbidden city – Lhasa (Tibet).

13-Play ground of Europe –  Switzerland.

14-Queen of adriatic   -venice .

15-Gateway of India   -Mumbai.

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Telangana

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 Agro Climatic Zones

Based on rainfall, type of soils and cropping pattern, etc., the State is divided into four agro-climatic zones

Agro climatic zone

Sl.No. Name of the zone  Districts   HeadQrtrs  Area    Mandals    Res.                                                                                                              (sq.km)                Stns.                                                                              
                                                                                               

1-  Northern Telangana  Karimnagar,          Jagtial  35.5    144     6
       Zone      Nizamabad,   Adilabad  
                
2- Central Telangana Warangal,             Warangal  30.6     132     7
     Zone                 Medak, Khammam,

3- Southern Telangana      Mahabubnagar, Palem    39.3     164      6
    Zone                Rangareddy, Nalgonda

4- High Altitude               Some Areas Chintapalli    4.66   13         3
& Tribal   Areas Zone   of Khammam & Adilabad
                                                       districts

Source : Department Of Agriculture

The agricultural planning for each zone is supported with the research and recommendations of Regional Agricultural Research Stations of Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agriculture University (PJTSAU) setup within each zone

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