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History

Important places

1-  Amritsar

Jallianwala Bagh is a public garden in Amritsar in the Punjab state of India,established in 1951 by the Government of India, to commemorate the massacre of peaceful celebrators including unarmed women and children by British occupying forces.

Jallianwala Bagh , On 13 April 1919 (Baisakhi Day), a crowd of about 20,000 people had gathered in the small park, when troops surrounding the park were ordered by Brig Gen REH Dyer to open fire.

The official figures put the casualty at 379, but unofficial figures have been much higher.

The 6.5-acre (26,000 m2) garden site of the massacre is located in the vicinity of Golden Temple complex, the holiest shrine of Sikhism.

Michael O’Dyer the Lt. Governor of Punjab was shot dead by Udham Singh 21 years later.

In protest against the incident Rabindranath Tagore renounced his knighthood bestowed upon him by the British in 1915

2-  Champaran

The Champaran Satyagraha of 1917 was Mahatma Gandhi’s first Satyagraha.

In the year 1917, Gandhiji began his active involvement in India’s politics from this place in Bihar.

At Champaran, the farmers were being forced to grow unremunerative indigo plant which yielded blue dye.

Gandhiji was called upon by some activists to solve the problem of the cultivators.

Gandhiji for the first time used the tool of nonviolence.

Champaran and Kheda Satyagraha were the events which later put Gandhi on the front seat of Indian National Revolution and made Satyagraha a powerful tool.

He toured the villages and compelled the government to pass the Champaran Agraria Law in 1918

3-  Kakori

The famous Kakori Train Dacoity took place on 09 Aug 1925.

Revolutionaries led by Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan, Chandrasekhar Azad and others stopped a train carrying British government money.

 4- Chauri chaura

Chauri Chaura is a small village in the Gorakhpur district of Uttar Pradesh. On 5 February 1922, the police stationed there fired at a group of demonstrators participating in the Non-cooperation movement

5- Lahore

The Lahore session of the Indian National Congress was held in 1929 under the Presidentship of Jawaharlal Nehru

The Lahore Session of Indian National Congress holds special significance in the history of India’s Freedom Struggle.

Jawaharlal Nehru unfurled the Indian National Flag on the midnight of Dec 31, 1929.

A resolution demanding Poorna Swaraj meaning complete independence from the British was passed.

Lahore was also the place where freedom fighter Jatin Das fasted to death in jail demanding better conditions for prisoners.

It was also in Lahore’s Kot Lakhpat Jail that Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru were hanged by the British on 23 March 1931

6- Poona

It refers to an agreement between Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi signed on 24 September 1932 at Yerwada Central Jail in Pune (now in Maharashtra), India.

 It was signed by Pt Madan Mohan Malviya and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar and some Dalit leaders

Gandhi was imprisoned at Yerawada Jail in Pune.

The pact was a settlement arrived at as a result of Gandhiji’s protest at Ramsay Macdonald’s Communal Award.

Again, in 1942, when Gandhiji launched the Quit India Movement, he was arrested and imprisoned at Aga Khan Palace in Pune.

It was at this place that his wife, Kasturba Gandhi breathed her last.

7- Dandi

The Salt March (also known as the Dandi March, Salt Satyagraha) was an act of civil disobedience in the form of a nonviolent protest, which took place in colonial India on 12 March 1930

The place shot to world fame when Gandhiji led the famous Dandi March from Sabarmati Ashram near Ahmedabad on 12 March 1930.

Gandhi led the Dandi March from his base, Sabarmati Ashram, near the city of Ahmedabad. 78 people began the march with Gandhi, who intended to walk 240 miles (390 km) to the coastal village of Dandi, which was located at a small town called Navsari in the state of Gujarat

On the 24th day, i.e. 06 April 1930, Gandhiji reached Dandi and made salt as a protest against the tax imposed on salt by the British.

The incident also marked the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement

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