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Physics-Metallurgy-Important Points-One Liners

1-A mineral from which a metal can be extracted economically and conveniently is called Ore.

2-Roasting- It is a pyrochemical process in which the ore is heated in the presence of oxygen or air below its melting point.

3-Smelting: The process of reducing the oxide with coke is called smelting. The ore is mixed with flux and fuel and then strongly heated in this process. During Smelting the impurities in the ore react with flux to form slag.

4-Mineral: A metallic compound occurring in the earth crust along with impurities is called mineral.

5-Gangue- It is the impurity present in the ore.

6-Calcination, Roasting, Chemical reduction, Auto Reduction, Displacement method, Electrolytic reduction are the methods used for extracting of crude metal.

7-Carbonate is converted to its oxide during calcination process.

8-The extraction of metal from its ore involves mainly three stages. They are concentration, extraction of crude metal, Refining of the metal.

9-Calcination- It is a pyrochemical process in which the ore is heated in the absence of air.

10-Aluminium, Manganese, Ferrus(Iron) and Zinc are the metals which are found in nature as oxide ores.

11-The metals that are found in nature in uncombined form or free state are Gold(Au), Silver(Ag), Platinum(Pt) and Copper(Cu).

12-Slag- The fusible mass formed by the reaction of flux and gangue is known as Slag.

13-Electrolysis and smelting are the two methods which produce very pure metals from impure metals.

14-Activity series: The arrangement of metals in decreasing order of their reactivity is called Activity series of metals.

15-Distillation: This method is useful for purification of low boiling metals which contain high boiling metals as impurities. The extracted metal in the molten state is distilled to obtain the pure metal as distillate.

16- Robert Wolfgang Cahn was a British metallurgist whose contributions to physical metallurgy centered on the properties of dislocations. It is Cahn, who contributed substantially to the Crystallography of Uranium.

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