1-Portuguese East India Company, headquartered at Cochin, later Goa was founded in 1498.

2-French East India Company, headquartered at Surat, later Pondicherry was founded in 1664.

3-Dutch East India Company, headquartered at Pulicat, later NagapattinamHugli was founded in 1602.

4-English East India Company,  headquartered at Surat, later Bombay, Masulipattnam, later Madras and finally Calcutta was founded in 1600.

5-Vasco Da Gama reached Calicut in 1498 and he found the Cape of Good Hope route from Europe to India.

6-Vasco Da Gama was received by the Hindu ruler of Calicut Zamorin.

7-Cochin was the first capital of Portuguese in India, but later Goa replaced it.

8-The first governor of Portuguese in India was Francisco de Almeida and he was well known for the introduction of a policy of Blue Water.

9-The second governor of Portuguese in India was Alfonso d’ Albuquerque in 1509.The policy of Imperialism was introduced by him.

10-For 7 decades, Anglo-Dutch rivalry lasted and it led to defeat of Dutch in 1759 in the Battle of Bedara.

11-Captain William Hawkins sought permission from the royal court of Jahangir to open a factory at Surat.

12- Jahangir issued a Farman permitting the setting up of a factory at Surat in 1612.

13-Sir Thomas Roe was an ambassador of James I to Jahangir’s court when he arrived India in 1615.

14-Pondicherry was founded by Francois Martin in 1673 and he was the Ist governor of the French headquarters in India. 

15-Under Nizam’s dominion, the Carnatic region came.

16-The Treaty of Purandhar was signed in 1665.

17-Shivaji, born at Shivner Fort in 1627 was the son Shahji Bhonsle and Jijabai.

18-The Marathas rose to power under the influence of Shivaji.

19-In 1674, Shivaji assumed the title of Chatrapathi.

20-Shivaji had a council of ministers called Asthapradhan.