General Studies Origin time of the major plant and animal groups( Approximate) Organism Group- Time of Origin Land Plants -438 Million Years Ago Marine Invertebrates-570 Million Years Ago Fish – 505 Million Years Ago Reptiles -320 Million Years Ago Amphibians -408 Million Years Ago Flowering Plants (Angiosperms) -140 Million Years Ago … Read more
Biology- Important vitamins/nutrients Foods- Sources of Important vitamins/nutrients Foods rich in Protein: Meat, eggs, nuts. Iron: It is found in tomatoes, liver and kidneys. It is a part of haemoglobin in RBC. It prevents anaemia (tiredness, headaches). Phosphorous: It is found in many foods; It is also important for bones and … Read more
Biology – Glossary Terms-Continue.. Respiration: It is a chemical reaction catalysed by enzymes where (in case of aerobic respiration) oxygen combines with glucose to form carbon dioxide, water and energy. Aerobic: It is a type of respiration where oxygen is involved. A type of respiration where oxygen is involved. … Read more
Biology -Glossary Terms-Continue… Breathing: A series of movements made by intercostals, the rib cage and pectorals to enable the air to get into the lungs. Intercostals: Muscles between the ribs that contract and relax during inhalation and exhalation. Inhalation: It is breathing in. Exhalation: It is breathing out. Pulmonary Vein/Artery: These are Blood vessels from … Read more
Biology -Glossary Terms Digestion: The process begins from the mouth by salivary amylase (starch-breaking enzyme) and continues till the duodenum. The enzymes chemically break down food into simpler soluble products, stage by stage, and prepare nutrients for absorption. Ingestion: Food is ate, chewed and mixed with saliva. Assimilation: The nutrients are then assimilated … Read more
Biology -Nutrition Nutrition- The study of food is called Nutrition. Carbohydrates, Fats Proteins, Vitamins, Minerals, Fibre and Water are the 7 basic food substances that are ‘Basic Nutrients’. Proteins- Substances made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulphur. Used for growth and repair or tissue. Fats- Made up of fatty acids and … Read more
Biology-Glossary Terms Maltase: Breaks down maltose into glucose. Sucrase: Breaks down sucrose into glucose Trypsin: Breaks down polypeptides into dipeptides. Peptidases: Breaks down dipeptides into amino acids Lipase: Breaks down fates (lipids) into fatty acids and glycerol. From the pancreas mainly 4 chemicals are produced Pancreatic amylase: Breaks down starch into maltose. Sodium hydrogen … Read more
Agriculture- Food Crops 1- Oil Seeds: Examples of oil seeds produced in India are groundnut, mustard, coconut, sesamum (til), soyabean, castor seeds, cotton seeds, linseed and sunflower. India is the largest producer of oilseeds in the world. Some of these are edible and used as cooking mediums. Some are also used as raw material … Read more
Biology Fathers in Biology Father of Indian Taxonomy = Henry Santapau Father of modern Genetics = Bateson Father of Mutation = Hugo De vries Father of Genetics = Johann Gregor Mendel (1822 − 1884) Father of Genetics Engineering = Paul Berg Father of Human Genetics = Arachibald … Read more
Chemistry ORES AND METALLURGY 1. Metals occur in nature some times free but mostly in combined sate. 2.The minerals from which the metals can be conveniently and economically extracted are know as ores. 3.All the ores can be minerals but all minerals can’t be ores. 4. Metals which are least reactive and have little affinity … Read more