Categories
General Studies Uncategorized

GK Miscellaneous

GK  2  Miscellaneous
* RBI was established in 1935.
* India has a parliamentary form of government.
* Sardar Ballabh Bhai Patel was the Chairman of committee on
fundamental rights and minorities in the constituent assembly.
*The source of fundamental duties in the constitution was
constitution of USSR.
*The element associated with Haemoglobin is iron.
*UP was known as United Province of Agra and Oudh prior to
independence.
* C vitamin is ancient.
* 42nd constitution amendment was based on the
recommendations of a committee headed by Sardar Swaran Singh.
* Right to Information Act does not apply to Jammu and
Kashmir.
* In Parliamentary election in major states, maximum
expenditure limit by a candidate is Rs 40 lakh.
* Chief Election Commissioner  has 
the power to remove election commissioners from office.
* Hindi in Devnagari script is the official language of the
union of India.
*The first English factory was established in Surat.
* Jammu and Kashmir state is binding with article 370.
*The feasibility of Re-organisations of states on linguistic
basis has been examined by S K Dhar Commission.
* Union Council of ministers are collectively responsible to
Lok Sabha.
* Attorney General of India is entitled to participate in
the proceedings of Lok Sabha but not entitled to vote on any motion.
* Civil Dis-obedience movement is associated with Dandi
March.
*British Parliament has passed an draconian act Rowlatt Act
1919 by which British government got power to detain any body without trial for
two years.

*An agreement between untouchables and Hindus took place at
Yerawada jail on September 24, 1932 by Poona act of 1932.
*Non Co-opeartion movement has established Hindu-Muslim
unity.
*Aruna Asaf Ali was called the grand old lady of
Independence movement.
* V D Savarkar has organised a secret society of
revolutionary known as Abhinava Bharat.
*Government of Indian Act 1919 has introduced Bicameral
legislature in India.
*Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan is also known as Frontier Gandhi.
*Gopal Krishna Gokhale has founded servants of Indian
society.
*The other name of Communal award of 1932 is Ramsay
Macdonald award.
*Government of Indian act 1935 is associated with federal
system which is prevalent today.
* Vishnu Sharma composed Panchatantra.
*Sher Shah Suri is the first Muslim ruler of India who
displayed a real aptitude for civil government.
*Kakatiya dynasty had a woman sovereign named as Rudradeva
Maharaja.
*Vasco da gama was the first European who visited India.
*Iswar Chand Vidya Sagar has launched a campaign towards
Hindu women’s remarriage according to which Hindu widow’ s remarriage act 1856
has been enacted which has legalised Hindu widow’s remarriage.
*Samudra Gupta has been called as Indian Napolean by V A
Smith.
*During the reign of Chandra Gupta Maurya, Kautilya’s
Arthasasthra has been written.
*During Maurya’s administration, various forms of taxes were
in existence namely Pindakara,Hiranya and Bali.
*In UP largest number of poor people live.
*Bretonwoods sisters normally denote to IMF and IBRD.
*CRR,SLR,Repo Rate and Reverse Reporate are the instruments
of Monetary and Credit Policy.
*Sugar industry is the second largest agro based industry in
India.
*Denmark and Holland are the best examples of highly
scientific development and management of pastoral farming.
*Australia posses densest railway network in terms of rail
route per million people..
* Vitamin A deficiency leads to Night Blindness.
* Salt lake and Eden Gardens stadium are situated in
Kolkata.
*Aditya Joshi is the first Indian to be ranked world number
1 in Junior Badminton.
*Fair Remuneration price is announced for Sugarcane.
* RBI is a bankers bank.It is also a central bank.
* Cheques,drafts and bonds are example of optional money.
*FERA means Foreign Exchage Regulation Act.
* The amount that comes after dividing the national income
by population is called as per capita income.
Categories
General Studies Uncategorized

Bharat Ratna

Bharat Ratna Facts
List Of Bharat Ratna Awardees
* Government of India honours this  prominent award to any one who excels  in any field with their performance . *
The  award looks like Peepal leaf printed
on it  with ‘ Bharat Ratna’ in devanagari
script along with the image of   Sun. The
flip side of the award bears the motto and state emblem.
* On January 2, 1954, the award was started by Dr Rajendar
Prasad.
* Scientist  CV Raman
was the first person to get the award and the award was given to Lal Bahadur
Shasthri posthumously.
* India’s first Home Minister Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was
the eldest to receive this honour at age 116 (after death) in 1991 and Gulzari
Lal Nanda is the eldest alive person to receive the Bharat Ratna award at an
age of 99 .
*In the year 1992, the award was given posthumously to
Subhas Chandra Bose but the award has been withdrawn due to controversy.
*The recommendations of Bharat Ratna awards are made by
Prime Minister of India to President of India and maximum of three Bharat Ratna
awards are announced and made in a year..
* Before 2011, the award was given to persons possessing
skills of artistic,literary, science and public service of highest order but in
December month of 2011, the government of India has added one more skills
of  sports.
* Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan, CV Raman and Chakravarthi
Rajgopal were the first three persons to get Bharat Ratna award in the year
1954.
* Khan Abdulgaffar Khan and Nelson Mandela were two Non
Indians to get Bharat Ratna award in the year 1987 and 1990 respectively.
* Master Blaster Sachin Tendulkar became the first sportsman
and youngest to get Bharat Ratna award.
List of Bharat Ratna Awards :—
   Nmes                                 Awarded        About
1- Chakravarthi Rajgopal –        1954      Last Governor General
 2- . CV Raman                      – 1954           Physicist
3- Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan –  1954   
India’s 1st  Vice President
(1952-1962)
                                                       
India’s  2nd President (1962-1967)
4- Bhagvan Das                      1955    Author, Independence activist
 5- Mokshagundam
      
Visvesvarayya               
1955     Diwan of Mysore, Civil
Engineer
6 – Jawahar Lal Nehru              1955    1st PM (1947-1964),Author
7- Gobind Ballabh Pant          -1957     Chief Minister of UP, Home Minister
8- Dhondo Keshav Karve      
– 1958    Social Reformer,
Educator
9 -Bidhan Chandra Roy     
    -1961     Physician, CM of West Bengal
10- Purushottam Das Tandon -1961     Educator
11- Rajendra Prasad                1962    1st President (1950-62),Jurist
12 -Zakir Hussain                    1963    Third President (1967-69)
 13 -Pandurang Vaman Kane  -1963   
Sanskrit Scholor,Indologist
 14- Lal Bahadur
Shastri           1966    2nd PM(1964-66),Posthumous
 15- Indira
Gandhi                    1971    3rd PM (1980-84)
 16 – V V Giri                           1975   4th President(1969), Trade Unionist
 17- K Kamaraj                        1976    CM of Tamilnadu, Posthumous
 18- Mother
Teresha                 1980    Nun, Missionary Charity founder
 19- Vinoba Bhave                    1983    Social Reformer, Posthumous
 20 -Khan Abdul Gaffar
Khan    1987     1st non Indian
 21 – M G
Ramachandran         1988   Actor, CM of Tamilnadu,Posthumous
 22- B R Ambedkar                  1990   Architect of Indian Constitution
 23 – Nelson
Mandela               1990   2nd 
non Indian
 24 – Rajiv
Gandhi                    1991    6th PM(1984 -89),posthumous
 25 -Vallabh Bhai
Patel             1991    1st Home Minister(1947-50),Posthumous
 26 – Morarji
Desai                    1991    4th PM (1977-79)
 27 -Abdul Kalam
Azad             1992   
1st Education minister,Posthumous
28 – J R D Tata                        1992    Philanthropist,Industrialist
 29 -Satyajit Ray                      1992  Bengal Film Maker
 30 -A P J Abdul
Kalam            1997  11th President,Aeronautical engineer
 31 -Gulzari Lal
Nanda              1997   Interim Prime Minister
  32- Aruna Asaf
Ali                  1997   Posthumous
 33 – MS
Subbulaxmi                1998    Carnatic classical singer
 34 – Chidambaram                   1998  Minister of agriculture
        
Subramaniam                                                                         
 35 – Jayaprakash
Narayan         1999  Posthumous
 36 – Ravi
Shankar                     1999   Sitar player
 37 – Amartya Sen                     1999  Economist
 38 – Gopinath
Bordoloi              1999 CM of Assam,
Posthumous
 39 – Lata
Mangeshkar                2001  Playback Singer
 40 – Bismillah
Khan                    2001, Classical
Shehnai player
 41 – Bhimsen
Joshi                    2008  Hindustani classical singer
 42-  Sachin Tendulkar                2013    1st youngest sports person
 43 – Prof. C N  R Rao                 2013   Chemist  
 44 -Madan Mohan
Malviya          2014   Educationist,Politician
 45 -Atal Bihari
Vajpayee             2014 
Former PM of India(1996)

                                                                      
(1998), (1999-2004)
Categories
Polity Uncategorized

Polity & Constitution

GK –  1   Polity & Constitution
* Under article 148, the constitution of India has provided
for an independent office of the Comptroller and auditor general of India.
* Supreme Court (SC) is the final interpreter of  Indian Constitution.
*Part 20 of the constitution deals with the amendment of the
constitution.
*Concurrent list concept of Indian constitution has been
borrowed from Australian Constitution.
* The Supreme Court of India gives advice to President on a
matter of law or fact only if President seeks such advice.
*The members of constituent assembly who drafted the
constitution of India were elected by Legislative assemblies of various provinces.
* The Chief Minister of a state in India is not eligible to
participate in the election of President if he is a member of upper house of
state Legislature.
*The Chairman of National Human Rights Commission should be
retired Chief Justice of India.
*Right to constitutional remedies conferred by Indian
Constitution  is also available to non
citizens.
* Economic Justice of Indian constitution has been provided
in the Preamble and Directive Principles of state policy.
* Governor appoints District Judges in a state.
* France’s constitution is a mixture of both Parliamentary
and Presidential forms of governments.
* One of the important 
responsibility of welfare state is to check exploitation.
* Political parties are main ingredients of  Parliamentary form of government.
* The Parliament can legislate on the subjects mentioned in
the unions and concurrent lists.
*  The constitutional
principle of Basic structure was invented by Judiciary.
* Goal of Indian polity is socialism which has been enacted
by inserting  the word ‘Socialist ‘nin
the Preamble  by 42nd amendment of
Constitution.
* India is a secular state that has been implied in the
phrase Liberty of Faith and Worship.
*  India has the
longest constitution in the world that has 448 articles, 12 schedules and 94
amendments.
* The guiding principles (objective resolution) of the
constitution has been moved by Pt Jawahar Lal Nehru on December 13, 1946 which
has served the road map for constitution.
* Dr BR Ambedkar has been made the Chairman of constituent
drafting committee on August 29,1947.
* The drafting committee was hand written and calligraphed
the constitution both in English and in Hindi language. There was no use of
typing or printing.
* It was  a rainy day
when Indian Constitution was signed. People considered it as a good omen.
* Constituent Assembly took two years, 11 months and 17 days
to pass the Constitution.

* 284 members of Constituent Assembly  had signed Constitution document on January
24,1950. After 2 days the Constitution came into force.
Categories
Geography Uncategorized

Biosphere Reserves

  Biosphere Reserves
Facts 
    
  Biosphere is the
large area of bio-diversity where flora and fauna are protected. It include one
or more national parks or sanctuaries
List of Biosphere Reserves and their locations which  have been presented here with–
Serial No   Year         Name                 State                                                
Fauna
 01          1986         
Nilgiri    Tamilnadu, Kerala &
Karnataka         Nilgiri Tahr, Lion
tailed Macaque
 02           1988           Nokrek               Meghalaya                                   Red
Panda 
 03           1988           Nanda Devi      Uttarakhand                                  Not
Available(NA)
 
 04           1989           Sundarbans          West Bengal                            Royal Bengal Tiger
 05          1989           Gulf of Mannar     Tamilnadu                               Dugong or Sea Cow
 06           1989          Manas                   Assam                      Golden Langur, Red Panda
    
07           1989           Great Nicobar     Andaman,Nicobar Islands             Salt water Crocodile 
 
08          1994         Simplipal             Odisha            Gaur,Royal Bengal Tiger,Wild
Elephant
09          1997          Dibru- Saikhowa    Assam                                  Golden Langur
10          1998          Dihang Dibang       Arunachal Pradesh                              NA
  
11          1999       Pachmarhi              Madhya Pradesh                Giant and Flying Squirrel 
12         2000        Khangchendzonga    Sikkim                               Snow Leopard
13         2001           Agasthyamalai           Kerala, Tamilnadu               Nilgiri Tahr, Elephants
 
14        2005     Achanakamar Amarkantak   MP and Chattisgarh            NA 
15       2008          Great 
Rann of Kuch          Gujarat                             Indian Wild Ass                                               
16       2009            Cold Desert                 Himachal Pradesh                Snow Leopard
17      2010            Seshachalam Hills       Andhra Pradesh                      NA      

18      2011            Panna                           MP                Tiger,Chital, Chinkara, Sambharand
Sloth Bear
Categories
Geography Uncategorized

Biosphere Reserves

               Biosphere Reserves Facts –

               Biosphere is the large area of bio-diversity where flora and fauna are protected. It include one or more national parks or sanctuaries.

         List of Biosphere Reserves and their locations have been presented here with –
Serial  No       Year                    Name                                    State                                                 Fauna                                                          Type

 01                1986              Nilgiri Reserve                          Tamilnadu, Kerala and Karnataka         Nilgiri Tahr, Lion tailed Macaque                     Western Ghats

 02                1988              Nokrek                                      Meghalaya                                         Red Panda                                                   Eastern Himalayas

 03                 1988               Nanda Devi                               Uttarakhand                                      Not Available(NA)                                          Western Himalayas

 04                1989             Sundarbans                                West Bengal                                      Royal Bengal Tiger                                         Gangetic Delta

 05                1989              Gulf of Mannar                            Tamilnadu                                          Dugong or Sea Cow                                        Coasts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
 06                1989             Manas                                        Assam                                              Golden Langur, Red Panda                              Eastern Himalayas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
 07                1989             Great Nicobar                              Andaman and Nicobar Islands             Salt water Crocodile                                         Islands
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
 08                1994             Simplipal                                    Odisha                                               Gaur , Royal Bengal Tiger, Wild Elephant          Deccan Peninsula

                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
09                1997             Dibru- Saikhowa                           Assam                                              Golden Langur                                               East  Himalayas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
10                1998             Dihang Dibang                             Arunachal Pradesh                              NA                                                               East   Himalaya
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
11               1999             Pachmarhi                                    Madhya Pradesh                                 Giant and Flying Squirrel                               Semi Arid        
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          12     12               2000             Khangchendzonga                         Sikkim                                              Snow Leopard                                                East Himalaya                                                                
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
13              2001            Agasthyamalai                              Kerala, Tamilnadu                              Nilgiri Tahr, Elephants                                       Western Ghat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
14             2005            Achanakamar Amarkantak             MP and Chattisgarh                             NA                                                                  Maikala Hills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
15             2008           Great  Rann of Kuch                      Gujarat                                               Indian Wild Ass                                                 Desert      
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
16            2009            Cold Desert                                   Himachal Pradesh                               Snow Leopard                                                   Western Himalayas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
17            2010            Seshachalam Hills                         Andhra Pradesh                                  NA                                                                   Eastern Ghat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
 18             2011            Panna                                            MP                                                 Tiger, Chital, Chinkara, Sambharand Sloth Bear   Ken River  

Categories
Mythology Uncategorized

Saraswati

Mythology –

Facts of Goddess Saraswati

* Saraswati is the Hindu Goddess of
knowledge,music,arts,wisdom and learning.
* The earlier mention of Goddess Saraswati has been found in
Rigveda.
*Hindus celebrate the festival of Vasanth Panchami (the
fifth day of spring) in her honour.
*Saraswati goddess has been revered by Jain religion of west
and central India and also by Buddhist sects.
*Saraswati sometimes spelled as Sarasvati is Sanskrit
word.Sara means essence and Sva means oneself.
* The goddess is generally shown to have four arms. Her
husband Brahma has four heads, representing manas
(mind,sense),Buddhi(intellect,reasoning), Citta (imagination, creativity) and
ahamkar (self consciousness, ego).
*  Goddess Saraswati’s
four hands holds items with symbolic meaning , a pustaka (book or script), a
mala (garland,rosary), a water pot and a musical instrument (veena).
*Saraswati has her vehicle as Swan or Hansa.or Pea Cock.

*There are many temples, dedicated to Saraswati around the
world. Some notable temples include the Gnana Saraswati Temple in Basar ,on
the  banks of the River Godavari ,the
Wargal Saraswati and Shri Saraswati Kshetramu temples in Medak, Andhra Pradesh.
In Karnataka, Shringeri Sharadamba temple, In Kerala at Ernakulam district,
Dakshina Mookambika temple(North Paravur) and in Tamilnadu at Koothanur,
Saraswati temples are there.
Categories
Mythology Uncategorized

Prahlada

Mythology

Facts of Prahlada –
* In Puranas, there was 
a mention of saintly boy who has a great bhakti towards Vishnu.
* Prahlad was born to Kayadu and Hiranyakashipu.. They had four
sons namely Saṁhlada,
Anuhlada, Hlada and Prahlada. They also had one daughter, whose name was Siṁhika.
* Father Hiranyakashipu was an evil king ( worshipper of Shiva)
who had been granted a boon that he could not be killed by man or animal,day or
night,inside or outside.
* Prahlad continues to worship Lord Vishnu despite several
warnings from his father Hiranyakashipu.
*Father tried to poison Prahlad,trampled him with elephants and
even put him in a room filled with venomous snakes, but each time he survived.
* According to Hindu mythology, Narada taught him Narayana
mantras, when Prahlad was his mother’s womb.Since then Prahlad became a great
devotee of Lord Vishnu.
* Holika, the sister of Hiranyakashipu was blessed that she
could not be hurt by fire.Hiranyakashipu puts Prahlad in the lap of Holika
,when she sits on a pyre. Prahlad remained safe as he prayed Vishnu to keep him
safe where as Holika has been burnt to death. This event marks the Holy
festival.
*Sikkism also believes that Prahlada was a devotee of
Paramatma, supreme God or Wahe Guru. In Guru Granth Sahib, Prahlad was
mentioned in 27 times.
*Simhachalam,Ahobilam and Kadiri are the places in Andhra
Pradesh, where there are religious pilgrimage centres related with Prahlad or
Narasimhadeva.
*Bhakta Prahlada is the first Telugu full length talkie movie
made by HM Reddy in the year 1932.
* Research sources reveal that Prahlada’s son was known as
Virocana, and his grandson was known as Bali Maharaja. Bali Maharaja had one
hundred sons, of whom Bana was the eldest.
*One fine day, father Hiranyakashipu challenged his son Prahlad
to prove that his God lies everywhere. From one of the pillar, Vishnu appeared
in the form of Narasimha.Half of his body was of a lion and other half
resembled  like a man. When evil King
attacked Narasimha Swamy with mace, the God took hold of him and sat on the
entrance of the court room placing Hiranyakashipu’s body on his thighs during
twilight and killed him with his nails piercing into his stomach. 


Categories
Mythology Uncategorized

Ganesha

Facts of Ganesha

* Ganesha is the son of Lord Shiva and Parvathi.
*Ganesha was created by Goddess Parvathi as a guardian to her privacy.
* Hindus first pray to Ganesha to ensure the removal of any obstacles and make an auspicious begining.
*Some of the titles of Ganesha are Ganapati and Vighneswara( removal of obstacles),Buddhipriya(fond of intelligence),Ekdanta(one of the tusks broken),Lambodara(pot belly)
*Ganesha, a Sanskrit word.Gana meaning many and isha meaning lord or master. Thus Ganesha means lord or master of many.
*The words of Buddhi (intellect), Siddhi ( spritual power) and Riddhi (prosperity) are associated with Ganesha.
*The worship of Ganesha was popularised by Lokmanya Tilak in 1893.
*Ganesha’s vehicle or Vahana is the tiny rat known as musaka in Sanskrit.
*Four animals – man, elephant, the serpent and the mouse make his full image or figure.
* Ganesha has been often shown married with two daughters of Brahma( Lord of creaton)namely Riddhi and Siddhi.
* He is the elder brother of Skanda and Kartikeya(God of war and victory).
*Parashurama,an incarnation of Vishnu threw an axe at Ganesha when later prevented him disturbing the medidation of his father Lord Shiva.
*He was actually the scribe who has written the entire Mahabharata poem. The great sage Vyāsa requested Ganesh to write.
*Ganesh festival is celebrated in Bhadrapad month every year.
*In Maharashtra, people worship Ganesha for 10 days as part of the Ganeshotsava festival.